activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key

(Figure 3):. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. 1. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. Figure 2. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. All rights reserved. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' 0000078100 00000 n atrial depolarization. The travel-time graph Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. MS-ESS3-2. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 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I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. 0000079769 00000 n Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare What is the a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Subject Areas: Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. 0000002250 00000 n The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. Subjects: 1. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? What is an earthquake? longer or shorter). How might they use this information? Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Focal Depth. 0000030968 00000 n Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? Zip. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. 4. velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the Copyright 2023. Also called seismometer. Figure 8. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Thanks for your feedback! approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. m>r/Q[6 13. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? 0000010002 00000 n The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream 0000006538 00000 n Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. (Grades 9 - 12). surface wave? Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 0000001604 00000 n 0000005081 00000 n In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). Resources. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. HS-PS4-1. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 9 - 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream For this activity, select the "Chile" box. (Listen to student ideas.) 9 - The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Thanks for your feedback! How far do S waves travel in 5 Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. 9 - What are those limits? Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. (Source: USGS). 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(Grades 6 - 8). 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. (from left to right). 0000001978 00000 n In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. !5(~q* The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). To complete the activity, some prior . The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 0000004060 00000 n Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. What data is used to determine magnitude? Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. The lag time for any While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. 0000115324 00000 n aqmd. 0000002658 00000 n 1. View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. 0000003254 00000 n Add to FlexBook Textbook. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. 0000004457 00000 n The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. What types of engineers might use this data the most? 0000001777 00000 n and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. 0 Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. waves from a distant earthquake. H\0y The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Thanks for your feedback! Earthquakes and Volcanoes. 0000003855 00000 n Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. to the lag time measured at this location? Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time 0000001408 00000 n =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Do limits exist on what science can predict? 6. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. [N'. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. 9 - Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. %%EOF In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. 0000001862 00000 n Note the differences in Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. question 1 of 3. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known 0000033429 00000 n Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, How does the Mad Scientist. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1.